template optical recognition

Can with linuxcnc digitize a pattern or template like this
www.photomodeler.com/pm-applications/template-digitize/

Something with optical recognition following path with linuxcnc storing concurrently the x-y points.

I think not, because it's motion controller.
But if you have good knowladge in Python you can make some program to convert your photos to G-code.
For example, you can run instead of G-code a Python program.

May be such solution could help you: SheetCam .
It's possible to scan materials.