You could try messing about with an Arduino:
wiki.linuxcnc.org/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?ResolverToQuadratureConverter
You might be able to get something out.
If you do, then I wouldn't convert to quadrature, sending numeric values digitally would be likely to work better. (bit-banged SPI for example)
This is possibly a good use for a Raspberry Pi Pico as that has some programmable units for high speed signal processing.
