Trouble probing 1Vpp signal from Heidenhain LS403 with oscilloscope

Hi all,

I’m trying to troubleshoot a Heidenhain LS403 linear encoder (1Vpp analog output) that’s connected via a Heidenhain 1Vpp-to-TTL converter to a Mesa card in my LinuxCNC setup.

We weren’t seeing any motion or position data in HAL, so I decided to check whether the encoder is still producing valid analog signals.

I’m fairly new to working with encoders — and also still learning my way around the oscilloscope — so I might be missing something obvious. That said, here’s what I’ve done so far:

• The encoder is powered via the Mesa card: 5 V and 0 V are confirmed and stable.
• For testing, the signal wires are disconnected from the Mesa. I’m only using it to supply power.
• Based on voltage levels and scope behavior while moving the encoder, I’ve identified A+, A–, B+, B–, R+, R–.
• When I probe A+ or B+ relative to 0 V, I see a flat ~2.0 V line. A– and B– show ~1.5 V. Moving the encoder slightly only causes minor fuzz — no visible sine wave.
• When I move the encoder head, the line does become “noisier” — in the sense that it gets visibly fuzzy — but I never see a clean sine wave.
• I also tried using two probes and a CH1 - CH2 math channel on a Siglent SDS1104X-E to simulate differential probing, but still no sine wave appears.
• I’ve played with timebase, voltage scale, trigger settings, etc., without much change.
  
  At this point I’m unsure whether:
  • The encoder might be dead,
  • The signal needs a specific load to show up properly,
  • Or I’m simply not probing it correctly.
    
    Any tips or guidance would be very welcome — especially from folks who’ve scoped Heidenhain 1Vpp encoders before. Thanks in advance!
    

Just to make that sure - you can only measure a sine wave when you move the linear encoder homogeneously (approximately).

You can also measure the signal between A+ and A- with a multimeter - just move the linear encoder slowly.
Another possibility to "see something" is to measure a single signal and therefore switch the scope channel to AC coupling and choose 100mv/DIV or less.




 

Thanks for the quick reply — that already helped a lot!

I switched the scope channel to AC coupling and used a drill with an Allen bit to move the spindle. Now I can finally see a sine wave (kind of).

However, two things are still puzzling me:

1. The sine wave appears very thick on the screen. My guess is it’s some kind of electrical noise, but I’m not entirely sure.
2. The amplitude is only around 50 mV, which is way lower than the expected 1 Vpp.  
   

Any idea what could be causing the “thick” waveform, and why the amplitude is so low?

Yeah, that's not a sine wave (more like a rectified sine wave)
This may be something wrong with how you are measuring this
differentially (scope setup). Measuring single ended as Hansu suggested
would eliminate this possibility.

Is this connected to the converter? According to Heidenhains docs
the 1V P-P signals need a 120 Ohm (across 1V+ and 1V-) termination


The fuzzyness is likely just noise.

I suspect a problem with the encoder if you don't get ~1V sine waves when properly terminated

PCW wrote:

Yeah, that's not a sine wave (more like a rectified sine wave)

Yeah you will probably get a sine wave when you measure it differentially.
This could be done with a differential probe, or you could power the encoder with a galvanic isolated power supply.
But that is not important now, I only wanted to check if there is a signal at all.

I think the low amplitude level is also ok. I have a Heidenhain rotary encoder and also some linear magnetic scales l worked with -- they all have a level much lower peak-peak value than 1V.