You don't have to use 24V, but it does seem that you need to use at least 8V, so a lower Field Voltage supply isn't the perfect answer.
The VSD-E manual does suggest an external resistor for widening the input voltage range of the opto-isolated inputs.
They are shown with an internal 220R resistor. The manual also says that the current threshold for activation is 6.3mA. Rather helpfully they also specify the input device used. (
uk.rs-online.com/web/p/products/1241346/
) At 5V the current through the opto (1.4V fwd voltage from the datasheet) is (5V - 1.4V) / 220R = 16mA. To keep the same current at 24V you would need a total resistance of (24V - 1.4V) / 17mA = 1400R.
There is already a 220R in circuit, and the working current of the inputs is actually at the top end of the recommended range, so I think I would choose a 1.5k additional series resistor for a working current of 13mA.
Also, to be cautious, I would first activate the inputs through a multimeter in mA mode to make sure that the input current through the opto was >6.3mA and <20mA.
If you set the card to Mode 3 then four of the inputs (16, 17, 18, 19) have their logic threshold set to 2.5V. If you are not using MPGs on those pins then this seems like one answer.
Alternatively you could use the analogue inputs (in modes 1, 2 or 3) to read the fault output voltage and convert to true/false in HAL.
Or add a TTL logic expander board on the smart-serial expansion connector:
store.mesanet.com/index.php?route=product/category&path=83_88
The 7i73 is cheapest, but the 7i69 might suit better.