How to build a CNC Router?
- timo
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29 Mar 2025 14:36 #325249
by timo
Replied by timo on topic How to build a CNC Router?
Just another off topic Milling machine vs router anecdote.
I bought a 2nd hand "what I thought" was a milling machine. I later was informed "Thats not a milling machine" (Indiana Jones rings a bell?)
So I learned everything below 5 tons is "not a milling machine".
Criteria for milling machine min. BT40 or HSK63, min. 15kW spindle power (continous load)
tool changer 
Point beeing, as long as it does what we want it does not matter much (all good).
For communication I now call my supposed mill a "tapping center", because then people know what I mean.
Joking aside I think the difference for hobby users is the ratio between z-height and x-y travel. A router is more flat and large a milling machine more a cube with a z-range in the magnitude of the x-y travel.
I bought a 2nd hand "what I thought" was a milling machine. I later was informed "Thats not a milling machine" (Indiana Jones rings a bell?)
So I learned everything below 5 tons is "not a milling machine".
Criteria for milling machine min. BT40 or HSK63, min. 15kW spindle power (continous load)


Point beeing, as long as it does what we want it does not matter much (all good).
For communication I now call my supposed mill a "tapping center", because then people know what I mean.
Joking aside I think the difference for hobby users is the ratio between z-height and x-y travel. A router is more flat and large a milling machine more a cube with a z-range in the magnitude of the x-y travel.
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- mclien
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29 Mar 2025 15:34 #325254
by mclien
Replied by mclien on topic How to build a CNC Router?
Thanks filling in my knowledge gap for what Nema is (and yes then it's Nema17).
This small thing is more for me to understand the build and functions in general, not so much as in really doing stuff (maybe some engraving and PCB, which is more engraving than milling, I guess).
That includes to have a setup similar to what I aim for for the bigger router. That's why I tend to spend a bit more money and do a bit of "overkill" for the little toy machine, but can test the basic working for the relevant things.
So I'd still like some more concrete hints for what might be the right stuff to buy controller wise.
The 7192 seems to be the least costly ethernet connected mesa board. Do I use that an kook up 3 of the TB6600 boards to the parport and start experimenting?
(and a power supply obviously)
This small thing is more for me to understand the build and functions in general, not so much as in really doing stuff (maybe some engraving and PCB, which is more engraving than milling, I guess).
That includes to have a setup similar to what I aim for for the bigger router. That's why I tend to spend a bit more money and do a bit of "overkill" for the little toy machine, but can test the basic working for the relevant things.
So I'd still like some more concrete hints for what might be the right stuff to buy controller wise.
The 7192 seems to be the least costly ethernet connected mesa board. Do I use that an kook up 3 of the TB6600 boards to the parport and start experimenting?
(and a power supply obviously)
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29 Mar 2025 18:05 #325270
by tommylight
Replied by tommylight on topic How to build a CNC Router?
No Mesa 7i92 for you!
Get the Mesa 7i96S, it is much easier to wire in and less sensitive to mishaps.
For now, old PC parallel port, some cheap drives, get the machine moving.
Or get the Mesa 7i96S and some cheap drives and make the machine move.
Get the Mesa 7i96S, it is much easier to wire in and less sensitive to mishaps.
For now, old PC parallel port, some cheap drives, get the machine moving.
Or get the Mesa 7i96S and some cheap drives and make the machine move.
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29 Mar 2025 18:18 - 29 Mar 2025 18:30 #325271
by timo
Replied by timo on topic How to build a CNC Router?
Haha, post lost, so I re-invent it.
I think for basic experiments a 10 USD parallel port PCIe card and a bottom level parallel port break out board wiill get you up and running for 20USD. (excluding wasted work and life time).IO
The MESA card solved my encoder issues within short time and I (#not sponsored) th think it was a good decision, even if someone informed me that I could have bougtht a "yet again undocumented" device for 5% of the MESA fee,
I think for basic experiments a 10 USD parallel port PCIe card and a bottom level parallel port break out board wiill get you up and running for 20USD. (excluding wasted work and life time).IO
The MESA card solved my encoder issues within short time and I (#not sponsored) th think it was a good decision, even if someone informed me that I could have bougtht a "yet again undocumented" device for 5% of the MESA fee,
Last edit: 29 Mar 2025 18:30 by timo.
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- mclien
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29 Mar 2025 22:08 #325281
by mclien
Replied by mclien on topic How to build a CNC Router?
OK, so
Mesa 7i96s it is (should be worth it, since I can us that one for the big machine later)
3 of the TB6600
Leaves the PSU question. I think I have an old ATX PSU. Those deliver 2-4 lines of 12V and several 5V lines. Could that do for the small steppers?
And my Thinkpad x220.
Mesa 7i96s it is (should be worth it, since I can us that one for the big machine later)
3 of the TB6600
Leaves the PSU question. I think I have an old ATX PSU. Those deliver 2-4 lines of 12V and several 5V lines. Could that do for the small steppers?
And my Thinkpad x220.
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29 Mar 2025 22:47 #325283
by tommylight
Replied by tommylight on topic How to build a CNC Router?
Yes,
yes,
yes,
...
no!

ATX PSU is OK for testing and running the machine, but will limit the speed.
X220 is the "no" up there, had 2 of those, absolutely not usable for LinuxCNC, but since you have it, get the ISO, burn to USB, boot the X220 from it and do some latency tests as follows
latency-histogram --nobase --sbinsize 1000 --show
Also had 2 of X240 (still have one) both were/are fine for running LinuxCNC.
If the latency turns bad, i can upload an image i use on all my production laptops and PC's with Mint 19.3 and LinuxCNC 2.8.4, but this needs to be installed to be able to test it.
yes,
yes,
...
no!

ATX PSU is OK for testing and running the machine, but will limit the speed.
X220 is the "no" up there, had 2 of those, absolutely not usable for LinuxCNC, but since you have it, get the ISO, burn to USB, boot the X220 from it and do some latency tests as follows
latency-histogram --nobase --sbinsize 1000 --show
Also had 2 of X240 (still have one) both were/are fine for running LinuxCNC.
If the latency turns bad, i can upload an image i use on all my production laptops and PC's with Mint 19.3 and LinuxCNC 2.8.4, but this needs to be installed to be able to test it.
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30 Mar 2025 13:50 #325325
by mclien
Replied by mclien on topic How to build a CNC Router?
Will do the tests later, here is what I have available:
TP x200 tablet (the one which turns the screen 180°
TP T43
TP T420s
ThinkCentre M625q
One other thought was perhaps to get one of those used Getac outdoor Notebooks (but that was mainly because of the dust and water protection features)
TP x200 tablet (the one which turns the screen 180°
TP T43
TP T420s
ThinkCentre M625q
One other thought was perhaps to get one of those used Getac outdoor Notebooks (but that was mainly because of the dust and water protection features)
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30 Mar 2025 18:24 #325339
by mclien
Replied by mclien on topic How to build a CNC Router?
OK, T43 is i686
screenshot from latency attached for the 2 others.
I did run glxgears and a youtube video. The max. µs Value was half until I resized the glxgears window.
Well there is my favored refurbished dealer, offering T470 with touchscreen and 8GB RAM for 137,- EUR right now. might be the best idea..
screenshot from latency attached for the 2 others.
I did run glxgears and a youtube video. The max. µs Value was half until I resized the glxgears window.
Well there is my favored refurbished dealer, offering T470 with touchscreen and 8GB RAM for 137,- EUR right now. might be the best idea..
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30 Mar 2025 21:00 #325346
by tommylight
Replied by tommylight on topic How to build a CNC Router?
Looking really good so far, although without actually testing with Mesa attached is much safer for deciding, but it is a go for sure from those tests.
I had several T40/T41/T42/T43, they all worked fine with Ubuntu 10.04 and LinuxCNC 2.5/2.7 using parallel port.
I had Lenovo T420S it was not usable, now it seems with new kernels it is quite good.
I had Lenovo X220 it was unusable, now it seems with new kernel it is quite good.
I have X240 in use on a production machine it works fine with Mesa
I have T470 with touchscreen was used on production machine for over a year or two, works fine with Mesa
And so do X1 Yoga and Yoga 370.
There is a topic on laptops, so if it ends up working with Mesa you should add those there.
Thank you.
forum.linuxcnc.org/18-computer/54369-use...ernet-boards?start=0
I had several T40/T41/T42/T43, they all worked fine with Ubuntu 10.04 and LinuxCNC 2.5/2.7 using parallel port.
I had Lenovo T420S it was not usable, now it seems with new kernels it is quite good.
I had Lenovo X220 it was unusable, now it seems with new kernel it is quite good.
I have X240 in use on a production machine it works fine with Mesa
I have T470 with touchscreen was used on production machine for over a year or two, works fine with Mesa
And so do X1 Yoga and Yoga 370.
There is a topic on laptops, so if it ends up working with Mesa you should add those there.
Thank you.
forum.linuxcnc.org/18-computer/54369-use...ernet-boards?start=0
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31 Mar 2025 07:49 #325363
by mclien
Replied by mclien on topic How to build a CNC Router?
Thanks for the reply. So I do the testing with my T420s/x220.
(I'll skip the testing with the T43 as I like to use the complete LinuxCNC Distro instead)
Mesa and TB6600 are ordered. As soon, as I get the material, I'll share my confusion with the wiring
Aan when I have some running setup, I'll post in the laptop topic (that's where I got the idea with the T470 touch)
(I'll skip the testing with the T43 as I like to use the complete LinuxCNC Distro instead)
Mesa and TB6600 are ordered. As soon, as I get the material, I'll share my confusion with the wiring

Aan when I have some running setup, I'll post in the laptop topic (that's where I got the idea with the T470 touch)
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