it seems to work now, with a variety of changes. i switched to a piece of CAT5e FTP cable (foil twisted pair). set baud to 9600, and changed to a different RS485 adapter. i also inserted a 120Ohm resistor at both ends of the FTP pair in use.
not sure exactly what the single solution is, but they work as a whole. i haven't grounded the FTP foil to the PC yet, but i suspect when i do, it will likely allow me to step up to 19200 baud.
i still have to correct a few parameters in the VFD, regarding the motor (rated RPM @ 50Hz, and number of poles) but it works now via RS485.
~Travis