Janome is still around, maybe it's worth it to contact them and ask for data sheets on either the board itself (716-

or the driver IC:s (SI-7200J)? A long shot, but getting data sheets would make things much easier.
I think pin 2 and 4 was assuming a standard 36 pin Centronics connector? Given the 50-pin port, I think you have to do some reverse engineering before hooking up a signal generator. Some things to start with:
* Which pins are connected to GND? (Measure continuity between pins and the PCB ground plane, marked as GND in lower right corner of pictures).
* Which pins are connected to power? (Power supplies and cables are not visible in the pictures; I assume that these are on the other side of the steel plate and connects to the underside of the board?) Find any external power supplies that connect to the board and measure the voltage(s) they supply, then see if you can find additional power regulators on the board. I.e. identify the power rails that exist on the board, and map out pins on the Centronics connector that connect to these.
* Which pins connect to pins on the driver IC:s? These are the ones you might want to hook up to a signal gen to see if you get motor movement. It might be tricky though if there are e.g. enable inputs that needs to be activated.