Sorry, I forget to mention I'd started working on this, only saw you'd self-assigned the issue once I'd nearly finished!
But I see you've seen my pull request now, just linking it here for anyone else since I'll carry on discussion there.
github.com/LinuxCNC/linuxcnc/pull/3534
The test above doesn't show the probe bouncing, it just shows that motion.motion-type remains 5 (Probing), which is what I initially wanted to test.
In hindsight I should've just looked at control.c first, because the logic in there fully explains why the probe bouncing during probe move deceleration causes the issue.
Currently, after the probe is first triggered from a probe move, it doesn't matter what the motion type is, because it's either the first and only valid trigger during a probing move, or a trigger during a non-probe coordinated move.
So the simplest fix to just give an accurate error message which checks the motion type to determine the error message (which is where having confirmed that the motion.motion-type remains as probing for the entire probe move is ideal).