Mesa 7I76e + PTC TermoSensor

The 7i76E can be configured to have 4 analogue inputs (8 bit resolution)
www.mesanet.com/pdf/parallel/7i76eman.pdf page 18
www.ni.com/white-paper/7112/en/
However be aware that the full-scale on the analogue inputs is quite high, so you might need an amplifier (simple op-amp circuit maybe)

An alternative might be to see if this
uk.rs-online.com/web/p/temperature-senso...ity-sensors/1659406/
works with this LinuxCNC driver:
linuxcnc.org/docs/devel/html/man/man9/max31855.9.html

If the data format is similar then the signal can be convered in HAL to read an actual temperature (the "lincurve" component would be handy for this)

Here is another alternative:
www.petervis.com/GCSE_Design_and_Technol...with-thermistor.html

Wire that to a single-channel HAL encoder counter and use the velocity output as a measure of temperature.