Automatic spindle gear detection

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19 Aug 2014 17:34 #50051 by mariusl
I will have a look at the specs of the drive to see what can be extracted.

Will I not be able to circumvent this issue by telling Hal what gear I am in?

Regards
Marius


www.bluearccnc.com

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19 Aug 2014 17:40 #50053 by andypugh

Will I not be able to circumvent this issue by telling Hal what gear I am in?


Yes, of course.
But the whole point of this system was to detect gears automatically. if you don't want to detet gears automatically then this is not the HAL you are looking for.

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19 Aug 2014 18:04 #50055 by mariusl
I absolutely agree. I want to have it automatically detect the gear.

I will still give it a go but I am going to assume that I know the motor speed. If I run the motor full speed and then read the spindle feedback I can determine the gear with the lincurve table. Maybe have a comp in the spindle command line to do this.

So what ever gear I am in it will still require the output to be 0-10v for full speed (2450rpm of motor). I will just have to scale the perceived commanded speed to be no more than the upper limit of that gear.
I think it is the same as what you achieve with the scaling of the pwm not so?

Let me think on this a while and I will ask your opinion on it again when I have something more concrete to show. I need to get my head around this a bit.

Regards
Marius


www.bluearccnc.com

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19 Aug 2014 18:32 #50056 by andypugh

So what ever gear I am in it will still require the output to be 0-10v for full speed (2450rpm of motor). I will just have to scale the perceived commanded speed to be no more than the upper limit of that gear


I think that you may still be confused?

The HAL code should be able to detect the engaged gear at any motor speed. However it will only do it accurately if the motor speed data it gets is accurate.
When you first request a spindle speed the motor is not turning, so the HAL version of motor speed is not true, and the detected gear is not true.
Eventually the VFD will get the motor to the requested speed. At this point the calculation will be correct, and the gear will be correctly calculated.
It may well be at this point that the detected gear changes, and a new motor speed request happens. At this point the calculation is wrong again....

This situation can be eliminated with accurate motor speed measurement.
On my milling machine it doesn't take very long to sort itself out and settle on a gear. But on a lathe running CSS the spindle speed request changes very rapidly at the end of a facing cut as the tool pulls, out, and you may lose gear-synch again.

One way to improve this situation would be to low-pass the motor speed command in HAL so that the error between commanded motor speed and actual motor speed is small.

If you are in a gear with a 600rpm top speed and you want 600 rpm, then you need 10V output to the VFD. The point of the lincurve and gear detection is not to limit PWM command, it is to ensure that in the 600rpm gear that 600rpm is 10V and 300rpm is 5V, and in the 2250rpm gear 600rpm is 2.66V,
So, in the 600rpm gear the spindle-speed-request to PWM voltage factor is 10/600 and in the 2250 rpm gear the factor is 10/2250.

Perhaps the fact that in my example the PWM is scaled to 5000 for the full-scale output is confusing matters? (so, an input value of 5000 is 10V. You may have scaled your PWM to require an input of 10 for 10V output?)

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19 Aug 2014 18:57 - 19 Aug 2014 18:58 #50057 by mariusl
You are right, I am confused most of the time. ;)

I think I understand what happens now. I will have to fit a sensor on the motor to get that feedback then.

I still have a parport open to enable me to do that. A single pulse per rev should do not so?

P.S. My confusion was caused by the fact that I did not have a motor speed feedback.

Regards
Marius


www.bluearccnc.com

Last edit: 19 Aug 2014 18:58 by mariusl.

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19 Aug 2014 19:06 #50059 by andypugh

I still have a parport open to enable me to do that. A single pulse per rev should do not so?

Maybe, I can't be sure.

My confusion was caused by the fact that I did not have a motor speed feedback.

I don't have motor speed feedback, I just accept that the mill takes a little time to sort itself out. But a mill runs at a constant speed so after the initial spindle start the motor speed matches the commanded motor speed. This isn't necessarily true for a lathe in CSS mode.

The underlying problem is that the actual motor speed doesn't always match the commanded motor speed (ie, the input to the pwmgen or analogue output). The two ways to address this are to either use some other source of motor speed data, or to attempt to ensure that the motor speed matches the commanded speed more closely. One way to attempt the latter approach is to pass the spindle speed command through a low-pass filter so that the motor can always keep up to the commanded speed, then to feed this filtered speed command to both the motor and the lincurve ratio calculation.

In your position I would try the all-HAL approach first before adding any hardware. You might, at that point, want to reduce the internal ramping in the VFD if there is any configured.

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19 Aug 2014 20:15 - 19 Aug 2014 20:18 #50065 by mariusl
Ok I will do tyhe HAL thing first.
Here is the information of my spindle. Is it good enough to work with?

Hmm: no attachment


File Attachment:

File Name: spindlecontrol.pdf
File Size:182 KB

Regards
Marius


www.bluearccnc.com

Attachments:
Last edit: 19 Aug 2014 20:18 by mariusl.

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20 Aug 2014 20:03 - 20 Aug 2014 23:45 #50098 by mariusl
Andy

I did a component that I hope will cater for the CSS problem. It caters for the revers condition of a mill wher the speed is not changing and once the gear id=s found it is happy. With CSS I have to find the suitable gear every time and prompt the user to select the correct gear in order for the CSS to work correctly

NOTE:
I have not tested this yet but I would like if you could scan it over please.
I commented out the 5i25 stuff
#/*
# * gears.hal
# * This file is part of gears.comp
# *
# * Copyright (C) 2014 - Marius D iLebenberg
# *
# * gears.comp is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# * (at your option) any later version.
# *
# * gears.comp is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# * GNU General Public License for more details.
# *
# * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# * along with gears.comp; if not, write to the Free Software
# * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, 
# * Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
# *
# * THE AUTHORS OF THIS LIBRARY ACCEPT ABSOLUTELY NO LIABILITY FOR
# * ANY HARM OR LOSS RESULTING FROM ITS USE.  IT IS _EXTREMELY_ UNWISE
# * TO RELY ON SOFTWARE ALONE FOR SAFETY.  Any machinery capable of
# * harming persons must have provisions for completely removing power
# * from all motors, etc, before persons enter any danger area.  All
# * machinery must be designed to comply with local and national safety
# * codes, and the authors of this software can not, and do not, take
# * any responsibility for such compliance.
# *
# * This code was written as part of the LinucCNC HAL project.  For more
# * information, go to www.linuxcnc.org.
# */
 
 
 
loadrt gears
addf gears.0                servo-thread

loadrt lowpass names=lowpass.spindle
loadrt scale names=scale.spindle
loadrt timedelay

addf scale.spindle          servo-thread
addf lowpass.spindle        servo-thread
addf timedelay.0            servo-thread

############### SPINDLE SIGNALS #############
net spindle-on-in           gears.0.spindle-en-in
#net spindle-on-out          gears.0.spindle-en-out          => hm2_5i25.0.7i76.0.0.spinena
net spindle-gain            gears.0.spindle-gain-out        => scale.spindle.gain
net spindle-speed           motion.spindle-speed-out-abs    => gears.0.spindle-cmd-in 
net spindle-speed-out       gears.0.spindle-cmd-out         => scale.spindle.in
#net spindle-speed-dac	    scale.spindle.out	            => hm2_5i25.0.7i76.0.0.spinout
net spindle-at-speed        gears.0.spindle-at-speed-out

############## FEEDBACK SIGNALS #############
setp lowpass.spindle.gain   0.007
#net spindle-vel-fb-in       hm2_5i25.0.encoder.00.velocity  => lowpass.spindle.in
net spindle-vel-fb-co	    lowpass.spindle.out             => gears.0.spindle-fb-in

############## TIMEDELAY ####################
net delay-value             timedelay.0.on-delay            <= gears.0.time-delay
net delay-trigger-in        timedelay.0.in                  <= gears.0.timer-on
net delat-trigger-out       timedelay.0.out                 => gears.0.timer-off

############## VCP/GLADE PANEL ##############
net button-on               gears_panel.hal-btn-go          => gears.0.go-btn
net current-gear            gears_panel.hal-lbl-gear-curr   => gears.0.gear-curr
net requested-gear          gears_panel.hal-lbl-gear-req    => gears.0.gear-req

############## PARAMETERS ###################
setp gears.0.spindle-max      2250
setp gears.0.spindle-max-gain 0.004

setp gears.0.gear-max-00      170
setp gears.0.gear-min-00      40
setp gears.0.gear-delay-00    1
setp gears.0.spindle-gain-00  0.058

setp gears.0.gear-max-01      270
setp gears.0.gear-min-01      170
setp gears.0.gear-delay-01    2
setp gears.0.spindle-gain-00  0.037

setp gears.0.gear-max-02      540
setp gears.0.gear-min-02      270
setp gears.0.gear-delay-02    3
setp gears.0.spindle-gain-00  0.0185

setp gears.0.gear-max-03      830
setp gears.0.gear-min-03      540
setp gears.0.gear-delay-03    4
setp gears.0.spindle-gain-00  0.012

setp gears.0.gear-max-04      1320
setp gears.0.gear-min-04      830
setp gears.0.gear-delay-04    5
setp gears.0.spindle-gain-00  0.0075

setp gears.0.gear-max-05      2620
setp gears.0.gear-min-05      1320
setp gears.0.gear-delay-05    6
setp gears.0.spindle-gain-00  0.00381
/*
 * gears.comp
 * This file is part of gears.comp
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2014 - Marius D Liebenberg
 *
 * gears.comp is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * gears.comp is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with gears.comp; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, 
 * Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
 *
 * THE AUTHORS OF THIS LIBRARY ACCEPT ABSOLUTELY NO LIABILITY FOR
 * ANY HARM OR LOSS RESULTING FROM ITS USE.  IT IS _EXTREMELY_ UNWISE
 * TO RELY ON SOFTWARE ALONE FOR SAFETY.  Any machinery capable of
 * harming persons must have provisions for completely removing power
 * from all motors, etc, before persons enter any danger area.  All
 * machinery must be designed to comply with local and national safety
 * codes, and the authors of this software can not, and do not, take
 * any responsibility for such compliance.
 *
 * This code was written as part of the LinucCNC HAL project.  For more
 * information, go to www.linuxcnc.org.
 */
 
 
component gears "A component used to detect the current gear of a lathe and prompts the user to select the correct gear";

description " This component looks at the requested spindle speed as well as the actual spindle speed and \
determines that the correct gears is used for constant surface speed cutting on a lathe. \
If the gear is not correct it will not turn on the spindle-at-speed signal and turn off the \
spindle. It will indicate what gear should be selected for the required speed. The information \
for selecting gears is obtained from a list of speed ranges for each gear. \
\
The function will start the spindle at the higest possible speed and with the higest gain setting \
to try and achieved the requested maximum speed. It will hunt up the gear settings until it finds the \
required gear setting. If the current gear does not match the required gear, then the spindle will stop \
and the indicator will show the required gear. Once the user has selected the correct pulley or gear \
they push the go button and the system will test the gear again. If it finds the correct gear was selected, \
the output signal will be scaled to match the full speed of the selected gear." ;

author "Marius D. Liebenberg";

//option singleton yes;
//option default_count = 1;
//option userspace yes;

// Input Pins
pin in float 		spindle_cmd_in ; 
pin in float        spindle_fb_in ;

pin in float        spindle_req_max  "set this parameter in the gcode file- g96(xxx)";

pin in bit 			spindle_en_in ;
pin in bit          timer_off ;
pin in bit          go_btn ;

// Output Pins
pin out float       spindle_cmd_out = 0.0;
pin out float       spindle_fb_out ;
pin out float       spindle_gain_out;
pin out float       time_delay ;

pin out s32         gear_curr ;
pin out s32         gear_req ;

pin out bit         spindle_at_speed_out ;
pin out bit         spindle_en_out ;
pin out bit         timer_on ;

// Parameters 
param rw s32        gear_max_0#[6]      "maximum rpm for every gear";
param rw s32        gear_min_0#[6]      "minimum rpm for every gear";
param rw s32        gear_delay_0#[6]    "motor startup and stop delay for every gear";
param rw float      spindle_gain_0#[6]  "spindle gain for each gear selected";
param rw s32        rpm_tol = 10 ;
param rw float      spindle_max_gain    "base gain to achiev max rpm. 0-10v = 2250rpm";
param rw float      spindle_max         "maximum rpm of the spindle";

// Global Variables
variable float      var ;
variable unsigned   process;
variable bool       new_process = 0;
variable unsigned   current_gear = 5;
variable unsigned   next_state;
variable unsigned   i = 0;
variable unsigned   x = 0;


license "GPL";

function _;

;;

enum state 
{
    eIdle           =   0,
    eStart          =   1,
    eStart_delay    =   2,
    eCheck_rpm      =   3,
    eCalc_gear      =   4,
    eStop_delay     =   5,
    eWait_for_go    =   6,
    eRunning        =   7
};

#include "rtapi_math.h"

FUNCTION(_) {

    if (spindle_en_in == 1)
    {
        if (new_process == 1)
        {
            process = eStart;
            new_process = false;
        }
        switch(process)
        {
            case eIdle:
                new_process = true;
            break;
            case eStart:
                spindle_gain_out = spindle_max_gain; // set gain for full drive
                spindle_cmd_out = spindle_max; // run spindle at full speed
                spindle_en_out = 1;
                process = eStart_delay;
                next_state = eCalc_gear;
            break;
            case eCalc_gear :
               
                while (spindle_req_max < gear_max_0(i)){i++;}  // seek upwards until the rpm is bigger
                while (spindle_req_max > gear_min_0(i)){i--;}  // seek down until rpm is smaller
                gear_req = x;
            
                while (spindle_fb_in < gear_max_0(i)){i++;}  // seek upwards until the rpm is bigger
                while (spindle_fb_in > gear_min_0(i)){i--;}  // seek down until rpm is smaller
                                
                current_gear = i;    // the gear is found
                gear_curr = current_gear;
                
                if (gear_curr != gear_req)
                {
                    spindle_cmd_out = 0;
                    spindle_en_out = false;
                    process = eStart_delay;
                    next_state = eWait_for_go;
                    spindle_at_speed_out = false;
                    
                }else
                {
                    spindle_gain_out = spindle_gain_0(current_gear);
                    spindle_at_speed_out = true;
                    process = eRunning;
                }                   
            break;    
            case eWait_for_go :
                if (go_btn == true)
                {
                    process = eStart;
                }
            break;    
            case eStart_delay :
                time_delay = gear_delay_0(current_gear);  // set the time delay for current gear
                if (timer_on == 0)  // if the timer was tripped already do nothing
                {
                    timer_on = 1;  // else trip the timer
                }
                if (timer_off == 1)   // if the timer has timed out
                {
                    timer_on = 0;   // remove the trip
                    time_delay = 0;
                    process = next_state;  // return to the caller of the time delay
                }
            break;    
            case eRunning :
                spindle_cmd_out = spindle_cmd_in;
                spindle_fb_out = spindle_fb_in;
            break;
            default :
                process = eIdle;
            break;
        }
        
    }else
    {
        process = eIdle;
        new_process = true;
    }
	
}

File Attachment:

File Name: gears_panel.glade
File Size:8 KB

File Attachment:

File Name: gears.comp
File Size:7 KB

File Attachment:

File Name: gears.hal
File Size:4 KB

Regards
Marius


www.bluearccnc.com

Attachments:
Last edit: 20 Aug 2014 23:45 by mariusl.
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