Maho MH-C 700P Achsen bewegen sich dauerhaft Indramat 3TRM2 

From your ini file and from the inability to move more than f-error value, it does not look like the tuning is done.
Also,

The only time I can't get the axles to come to a standstill is when I'm stationary.

does not come across correctly.
The Aciera (machine, not the respected member of this forum with the same name ) 0.01-0.005mm dither is OK, that is the servos/PID maintaining position, can be even less but that depends on encoder resolution and how tight the tuning and dead band is.

Hello and thank you for the information. I'll try to calibrate the axes a little more precisely this evening. As already mentioned, I spent a lot of time calibrating it, maybe I'm going the wrong way. I'll check out the link forum.linuxcnc.org/10-advanced-configura...ning-detailed-how-to

watch again, maybe I've done something wrong so far.
Is there an autotuning option?