I have had the same issue today installing LinuxCNC 2.9.8 onto an OptiPlex 990. I don't have a network and skipped the network config, so my experience matches yours.
There must be something going on with Debian these days because I ran into a similar issue last month installing the latest version of base Debian on a brand new server. Ryzen 9 and 64GB of RAM. I was doing a non-graphical installation without a network connection, and the installation failed every time. It was a (near?) bare minimal installation that didn't include a GUI. There was some package like PostgreSQL or a DBMS portion of some SQL server that failed and killed the package installation process. I gave up and plugged an Ethernet cable into a dummy network, restarted the installation, went through the network portion, and everything worked. This is bad practice on their QA side to allow things like this to happen.