Sparky, chasing issues where there is none is not helping you, leme explain:
-if the cable is not good, LinuxCNC might start but will loose connection at random, or not start at all
-if the Mesa board has no power or is dead, you will not be able to start LinuxCNC as it would not find the board,
-if the terminal is "fried" you would see it, it takes a lot of current to destroy the connectors Mesa uses, and there would be smoke
-the scope you provided shows Mesa and LinuxCNC working properly,
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-change the sensor,
-check the sensor cable
-check the sensor power and power cable
-check the sensor top side for embedded metal shavings
-check the wires where they enter the connectors on the Mesa board
-if they are terminated with ferules, cut the ferules and try without them
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---this last one is from experience, some people fold the thin wire and insert it into the ferule so it can grip better, then cut the top of the ferule when they find out it sticks out of the connector, loosing all contact.