Thanks to all of you!
The Problem was related to the Tuning of the Simodrive.
The "T" parameter had a similar effect as FF1 and "Kp" is similar to P.
A quarter turn cw of Kp and a reduction of "TN" helped in the end. Increasing kp without adjusting TN led to high frequency oscillations of the motor.
Then I could increase P in linuxcnc from 1 to 3.
This is the result (I also increased the acceleration from 500 to 700):
The next picture is during some violent Fusion 360 adaptive code running. Programmed feedrate of F3000.
I am pretty happy with that result. (red is f-error of Y, white is X). During helical G2/ moves f-error is below 0.005mm.
Just out of curiosity:
What are appropriate FERROR and MIN_FERROR values for such a machine? I tend to set them high (0.1) to avoid f-error during milling operations. Picture of machine on first page of this thread.
But during a crash the f-error warning has saved once me from destroying an 800€ shell mill i borrowed from work (on the Siemens control).
So there a small FERROR would be advantageous.