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This is the output of ip a

cnc@linuxcnc1:~$ ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 2c:cf:67:3a:15:bb brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    altname end0
    inet 192.168.0.153/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global dynamic eth0
       valid_lft 799842sec preferred_lft 799842sec
    inet6 fdce:a2be:2d61:0:2ecf:67ff:fe3a:15bb/64 scope global dynamic mngtmpaddr
       valid_lft 7124sec preferred_lft 3524sec
    inet6 2003:e4:9741:1e00:2ecf:67ff:fe3a:15bb/64 scope global dynamic mngtmpaddr
       valid_lft 7124sec preferred_lft 1191sec
    inet6 fe80::2ecf:67ff:fe3a:15bb/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether aa:57:f1:85:a9:88 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    altname enp1s0
4: wlan0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 2c:cf:67:3a:15:bc brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

When connecting the eth1 port to my network switch I got an information from my router, that it assigned a new IP adress to the ethernet card with the MAC adress of eth1. So I assumed that it should be possible to reach that port via ping. This ping was done from a windows PC in my network. All four tries timed out. But looking to the result of ip a above, the IP adress is not shown on Linux side. This I did not see before.

The reason why I would like to use this second ethernet is because my workshop is in the basement of my house and the RaspberryPi is in a metal housing within a metal cabinet. Finally I like to use my devices hardwired instead of using WIFI. I thought it would be straight forward to put in an additional ethernet card, activate PCIe and then be able to use it.

Unfortunatelly I am not an Linux expert and I am not a native english speaker, so if I miss something from your advices please give me a hint. I will try to make it. 

I'm assuming this is the output when running the Linuxcnc image.

Ethernet device has been detected and the driver loaded.

Your NIC is there, just waiting to be configured, most likely it will be enp1s0. It's very rare interfaces identify as eth0 eth1 etc anymore without any kernel options being given. Has been this way for a few years now.

forum.linuxcnc.org/38-general-linuxcnc-q...l-images-only#325007 is a thread that indexes topics in the main RPi5/4 thread. Plenty there on configuring interfaces installing Gnome Network manager and the sort.

Unsure as to why dmesg isn't giving any output.