I'm comfortable at this point that my probe issues aren't due to the Z-Axis. That leaves software, and... other axis. I've since discovered something going on with X, and I suspect that a rail/block replacement is in my future. I already suspected that it was worn in the middle of the travel because of vibration during X rapids. Whilst trying to diagnose a face finish issue that appears as a significant tram error, I discovered that I can literally rock the table when it is mid-X travel. I haven't yet completely ruled out a head misalignment, but a lack of vertical rigidity at the table definitely isn't good.
I don't suppose you'd happen to have the manufacturer/part number for the X rails and the procedure for replacement? I can't see any way to adjust tension on the blocks.
If I had to guess, I'd say it would involve removing the side cover, removing the servo cover, disconnecting the limit switch, removing the two bolts in the underside of the table that physically limit travel, disconnecting the ballscrew pillow block from the table and sliding the table out. I can't see how the blocks could be replaced without doing that. I suspect I could replace a rail at a time by sliding the table back and forth to remove its bolts and then just sliding out the old rail and then reversing that for the new rail, relying on the second rail to hold alignment (similar to the Haas VF3 rail replacement process documented online), but I'd prefer to renew both rails and blocks if I have to go in there.