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Okay so just changing that to positive then trying to run the Spindle it turned on at the min speed and trying to slide the spindle speed or enter S RPM into mdi made no difference.

Out of curiosity I went back into pnconf to tick the "use +- for voltage direction"

This added the - to both these places.

[SPINDLE_0]
P = 0.0
I = 0.0
D = 0.0
FF0 = 1.0
FF1 = 0.0
FF2 = 0.0
BIAS = 0.0
DEADBAND = 0.0
MAX_OUTPUT = 24000.0
OUTPUT_SCALE = -24000
OUTPUT_MIN_LIMIT = -24000
OUTPUT_MAX_LIMIT = 24000

Starting the UI (now running qtdragon), homing, then starting the spindle it went straight to 23500. I typed S5000 into mdi and it dropped back down to 3500 RPM displayed on the VFD and slow RPM on the spindle.
After that though changing s in mdi or sliding the spindle speed slider made no difference.

Also to note spindle RPM in the UI always shows 0.

Going back into pncconf and unchecking the "use +- for voltage direction" put it back to how it was before with the - only on Output_scale.

[SPINDLE_0]
P = 0.0
I = 0.0
D = 0.0
FF0 = 1.0
FF1 = 0.0
FF2 = 0.0
BIAS = 0.0
DEADBAND = 0.0
MAX_OUTPUT = 24000.0
OUTPUT_SCALE = -24000
OUTPUT_MIN_LIMIT = 0
OUTPUT_MAX_LIMIT = 24000

I have deleted the - again but it doesn't seem to have made anything better.

To make it easier for you, PC's are not RPI's, so stop thinking the same way about them.
PC is a standard for over 30 years, it changes a lot but everything else changes with it, mostly everything works out of the box in Linux
RPI is a good idea that went belly up very fast and made a huge mess, and nothing works as it should or without wasting huge amounts of time to fix stuff
-
Get the ISO from the downloads page, if you want the official version, burn to USB, boot from USB, install.
-or get the Debian 12 ISO with whatever Desktop Environment you like
-or get the Linux Mint Debian Edition 6
for last two: Burn, boot, install, reboot, then
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt install linuxcnc-uspace

That's why I asked!

Use whatever you like, at such low current/power ratings there is no difference nor "proffered", it is as simple as what is cheaper for you since you have both options and you do NOT need a rectifier as it is in the drives.
ALSO: the link you posted will NOT work, it is a 40VA so approx 30W transformer, you would probably need something like 200-600W depending on what current the motors will be driven.
In general for you it is better to get a transformer as a good switch mode power supply will probably cost more, like MeanWell or Delta.
-
just browsed under, NO variacs!!!
And if you do not have the drives , take IhaveNoFish's advice and buy the mains ones.

As an aside, I am also a little confused why PCW suggested 00, 11, 01, 10, instead of 00, 01, 10, 11. It seems more logical to me to order it like legit binary, and it's not like it's harder to connect it this way.

The 4  --> 2 diode encoder circuit I posted is in binary order but you need to consider
that the 7I73 inputs have pullup resistors so are high when unconnected and low when
grounded through a diode so:

SWITCH POSITION
0  Grounds inputs 0,1 with CR1 and CR2 = 00b = 0d
1  Grounds input 1 with CR3 = 01b = 1d
2  Grounds input 0 with CR4 = 10b = 2d
3 No connect so = 11b = 3d