CNC Plasma cutters, DIY, building info and guide

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8 years 3 weeks ago #118683 by rodw
Tommy, you are the master of plasma machines built to a budget so I look forward to seeing your posts when complete. Having designed a plasma table from scratch with every piece in a CAD file down to the last screw, I suspect the reason why purchased plans are incomplete is the sheer time it would take to produce engineering drawings and bills of material so my work could be replicated. Building a machine is much more than a few 3D CAD files and I was not very disciplined with my file names, PDFs and locations etc. Instead as I completed an assembly, I would print some drawings, head to my shed and mill away. 60mm x 6mm flat aluminium bar is useful for making the Z axis and able to be held in milling vices on a small mill like my Seig SX3. Its perfect for a NEMA 23 and 15mm linear rails.

I would like to share one link because you mentioned reduction gears for use with gear racks. You actually made me make one very early in my project! They are not hard to make if you have a lathe to make a short shaft that is machined according to ballscrew dimensions. But when I found one ready made at a good price, I redesigned my machine to use it! This supplier has a very nice 5:1 timing belt drive gearbox to suit NEMA 34 drives and a matching gear rack. He used to be on eBay but now just on Aliexpress

Noulei Automation

Also his new SYK kits have all of the parts you need to make a precision Z axis, you just need to add a ballscrew, motor and some 15mm linear rail (plus said 60mm x 6mm aluminum bar to mount it on). And to think, I spent many hours machining some of the parts included in the kit! He gave very good service.
The following user(s) said Thank You: tommylight, jason1098

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8 years 2 weeks ago #118690 by jmr
This is a good idea. I too need to build a plasma, but since "all" the parts are already around I will need some adaptive design.
That rules a lot (all of them?) ready made "diy designs" that go like 1) buy this and that; 2) make someone do it for you 3) screw together 4) congrats, you are a builder!
I know that much can be done when you have more time and "stuff" than money. Maybe not all can be done, and I know there are still people who have more money than tools, time and stuff. They would need good *complete* plans, with drawings ready to send for laser cutting and the welder.
Because of the essentials I was thinking about the wide gantry - one linear rail with two THK carriages which are not the 6 circuit type but some that is much less rigid - i think this could use gravity and single wheel on flat surface parallel to the rail, otherwise it would rotate about the rail a little bit too much. The rail is a bit over 2m, and the ground flat thing even more. There is pair of something too for the shorter side, and being able to input bigger plate, or possibly having two ends of 2x1m of different thickness or kind laying on the table together is a favorable option.
I was considering some funky options, like a plasma frame that can be hung above the table/material to go up where not needed, or to be set 90deg on one side to be standing next to wall. Even some fantastic design where plasma is above the workplace, and pieces fall down on the floor (no, that may be too much. But I will upload an inspirational train-like photo).
Having this thing sliced into compatible modules, possibly that can be choosed from, like the kind of table to build would be great. With parametric design parts just need to be scaled correctly and the method of construction would be the same - like bolted or welded frame joints, with of course different tubing.
How many of You are using FreeCAD? If not, I suggest looking at it... This would make this "project" quite open source, easy to modify AND parametrical. This is one cool feature of freecad, there is a spreadshit (sheet?) thing, where you can input and calculate data. Later on with any operation you can pull in the dimensions from that. It takes a lot of patience waiting to recalculate a big project after a change but it is definitely the way to go. With the Techdraw module getting better we will soon have correctly auto-updated drawings and documentation, and this is propably the most important when trying the not-you to understand and recreate the project. Similar to rodw, I use "some" drawings with "some" dimensions that I at a time need for the detail machined. For anyone else that would be too little info.
I have had success using that to generate g-code "jobs" for machining a MDF front panels, it worked kind of cool when all that was needed was X and Y size and pattern type - all input as the shell script parameters, that would use FreeCAD (with no GUI needed!) to recalculate everything and spit out .nc file on the network drive. Can it get more CADCAM? Click I want my plasma.

Also I see one thing that is not very official common knowledge: the cut quality. "Go buy hypertherm and look up the table in the book" kind of answers. Both of You have a lot of experience and this thread could put some light on that. There is a number of things: air quality and what kind of quality and dross can we expect from a cheap chinese cut-40 plasma? DO I really need to hit that with hammer to make it go away, when it is good quality and grind off when it is not that good? Can a different kind of torch alone make a big difference, when using *just* pure air? How about stainless, generally? Other inert gasses? What about the plate immersed in water, and then about the torches with water injection? It may be a lot for this topic (maybe it can to other linked topic). I am quite sure that when I need more than 40 chinese amperes I can build a bigger power supply from free/scrap parts and that will be about 5% of a "great" plasma. Or use oxy-propane on the gantry if I'm not cutting alu/ss (I was wondering about using ultrasound/laser distance meter for alternative flame THC too).
Right now I would be happy to have nice 2mm thick parts with holes and some straight slots for bending.
Also, having THC directly in EMC as rodw first tested (positively?) would mean the cost can drop further and possibilities expand...
Thanks, I hope it is not too much.
The following user(s) said Thank You: tommylight

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8 years 2 weeks ago - 5 months 2 weeks ago #118736 by tommylight
Added a lot more info, so please do check back from time to time as when editing existing posts it does not show at the recent posts page.
Thank you.
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Initial testing, skip this for now
forum.linuxcnc.org/plasmac/58564-thc-not...ments-are-met#344652
Last edit: 5 months 2 weeks ago by tommylight.
The following user(s) said Thank You: Clive S, rodw

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8 years 2 weeks ago #118798 by tommylight
Probably should have named this thread "the definitive guide to building a cnc plasma machine".
Not yet, not just yet ! :)
I never thought it would get this long, now i need more space as this is just the general info, adding pictures and details and videos, might hit the forum limit for a single post ! Oh well, moving on .....
Been gathering some hardware to do some photo shooting sessions, somehow i am low on stepper motors ( had over 200 of them ), low on micro stepping drives ( have plenty of full step ones but they cause a lot of vibrations at low speeds ), but i do have plenty of Mesa cards ( i could not find another 7i84 and 6i25, i can not recall where i left them ), and last week i got 15 of 24V/6.5A power supplies. Also got 4 Dell optiplex 780 computer with parallel port for 50 Euro each. On Debian Stretch 64 net install with Preempt-RT kernel and MATE desktop they do 60000 to 70000 for latency with the built in graphic and under 50000 with AMD add on card. Have not tested yet the RTAI version, should be much better. All this with normal hard drives, from USB on a live session they do better, around 35000.
Or should i do a separate thread for each size and add the links from here ?

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8 years 1 week ago #119096 by snugglylovemuffin
I have some files I generated for my table, they've been undergoing revision to take advantage of some of the more efficient design methods and what I've learned from my build so far. I'll be happy to donate them to the cause if we make the 7i96 the official support board for the build XD

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8 years 1 week ago #119113 by tommylight

snugglylovemuffin wrote: I have some files I generated for my table, they've been undergoing revision to take advantage of some of the more efficient design methods and what I've learned from my build so far. I'll be happy to donate them to the cause if we make the 7i96 the official support board for the build XD


Thank you, that would be helpful.
I am also leaning towards using the MESA 7i96 as it will provide all the inputs and outputs needed at a very low price. Also the Ethernet makes for an easier and cleaner set-up.

Added more info to the first post, regarding parallel ports and Mesa and inputs required for a plasma system.

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