New and Working RTAI debs for 2.9

Your base period is set at 46872, strange for sure, but i am pretty sure LinuxCNC will round it to something divisible from 1000000. Set it to 50000.
Still i do not think that is the main issue, it seems your PC has some strange and huge excursions in latency, so, did you disable in BIOS:
turbo
speed step
power saving options
TPM if any
PCI-E aggressive power saving (no idea what name is used in some boards)
C states
etc.
Be as it may, for that PC and since you need RTAI, use the Wheezy ISO as is, granted you do not need any missing features from it.
You can download and test Wheezy without installing it, see how that works out.

cnbbom wrote:

Well, with a value of 46872, Linux CNC runs at maximum speed, but if I change it to 50000 I get an error message.

Try 100000 , and also since you say it works better with 46872 try 93744.
This will limit your max velocity in half, use the "Max velocity" slider on screen to limit the speed till you do not get joint errors.
Notice the motor sound, should be much smoother.

cnbbom wrote:

I'd also like to ask a question: on a normal machine that is acceptable for running Linux CNC, what are the minimum and maximum acceptable values ​​for BASE_PERIOD?

There is no such thing, it all depends on what your PC can do safely, and from that set the drive microstepping to achieve the desired machine velocity/speed, if possible, as with low microstepping motors vibrate a lot.
I have a PC that does not skip a beat at 15000 but it's power supply failed (workstation=expensive), most mine do 50000-100000, and i have some bad laptops that are in daily use for over 10 years with base period set at 300000.

20k latency seems fairly decent. With a base period of 50,000 that should never over-run.